SECONDARY SECTOR

10 COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST AND THE LOWEST LIFE EXPECTANCY

LIFE EXPECTANCY

WITH MORE EXPENTANCY:

  
WITH LESS EXPENTANCY:




Life expectancy is a statistical measure of the average time an organism is expected to live. It depend in different factors like our genetic or our lifestyle.

To start talking we can see that hihgets life expentancies ar in MEDCs and lowest life expentancies are in LEDCs.

Now we are going to start speacking about factors that affect the life expentancy.

Firstof all, gender. Many studies have sown that females have a high life expentancy. It has been attributed tomany things. One of those is that historically males have done harder woks. But an other is that males have a faster metabolism s the body deteriorates a little faster. Probably the life expentancy wil be equal in males and females because now both sexes are doing the same activities and taking the same life.

Also the life expentancy is different regarding to the country like he have said before.

Another factor is the genetic of the person or the development of the fetus that give to him the cualities of the future so if he has a problem, his life expentancy wil be lowest.

But the life expentancies that we have now for example in Spain. This life expentancies didns´t have been like this all life.  For example, in the case of Spain, only 50 years ago life expectancy was 50 or 60 years and in less developed countries of the highest around 40 years.

This is thanks to the new medicines and cures for diseases that in those years did not know existed. Also to studies, new body cares, routines and diets that lengthen our life expectancy.

AMARÁS AL LÍDER SOBRE TODAS LAS COSAS

                                           

                                            AMARÁS AL LÍDER SOBRE TODAS LAS COSAS

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1. Do some research and explain the origin of the north-korean communist regime.

North Korea is situated in the north of an insula in the eats of Asia. It was founded by the japanese in 1910. After the WWII in 1945 Japan suffered the atimic bomb so they leave the war. Because of it EEUU and the URSS fight by this península of Corea.

They reached an agreement and decided to separate the peninsula in North Korea and South Korea by parallel 34. The North start a regime with the comunist stats of the Soviet. But in the other hand the South adopted a capitalist régimen.
While the North Koreans were developing a great mining power and investing in the army, the South Koreans set up a good economic and trade base.
So when North Korea began to stop trading with the Russians and China, the Korean regime began its isolation into the world. While the South Koreans had large trade windows to the international market.

This is how the dictatorial regime, that we know today as North Korea, began

If you want to see a video explaining all, click here
https://youtu.be/fy98_h7MrYc

2. Find 3 recent news about North Korea from different digital newspapers and include the links to them.

• Histórico acuerdo entre EEUU y Corea del Norte afronta enormes desafios

          https://www.msn.com/es-us/noticias/otras/histórico-acuerdo-entre-eeuu-y-corea-del-norte-    afronta-enormes-desafíos/ar-AAyxDCi?srcref=rss

• Corea del Norte entrega los tres rehenes estadounidenses a  Pompeo

         https://elpais.com/internacional/2018/05/09/actualidad/1525869618_752843.html

• Kim frente a Trump

         https://elpais.com/internacional/2018/06/11/actualidad/1528709126_415259.html

3. What are the names of the north-korean leaders mentioned in the documentary? Who is the current leader of the country?
In the documentarie are  named the leaders Kim Il-sung (1912-1994) and Kim Jong-Il (1941-2011). But now the leader is Kim Jong-un.

KIM JONG-IL (1941-2011) He was the son of Kim Il-Sung. He tries to open North Korea to the mundial trade but by the persistant atacks of the Americans he must had to continued with his father´s dictatorship.

KIM IL-SUNG (1912-1994) He was the firt leader of North Korea. It is considered like a god and the father of the country.

KIM JONG-UN Is the actual leader.

4. What are the instruments used by these leaders to mantain this dictatorial regime?

They educate people by museums and schools with lies and a glorificated visión of the leader. They change the history to saw that North Korea heve been the most potencial country in the world. 
They control the education, the internet, the messages and all the things that can give citizens knowledge of the outside or culture to criticize their form of government or face the leader.

5. What's the meaning of the word Gulag? Where does it come from? Is there anything similar in North Korea?
The gulags were punishment centers of the USSR that were adopted by the North Koreans under the Government of the Soviet Union. But recently the ONU has put economic sanctions on North Korea because with satellite they have found gulags in operation in the country.

6. According to the video, what are the main characteristics of a dictatorship?
The main characteristic is that the leader has tha legislative, executive, and judicial powers so he controls all the country. He has all control of the country.

There people don´t have the free to contrats information or to have culture. Thereis only one TV network and a newspaper that controls the leader. 
They are isolated from the world. Also they can´t travel because they don´t have the right of migration and they don´t have free acess to education, an education that is tainted by lies.

7. Compare the life of a north-korean family with your own. In addition, try to describe the life of a north-korean teenager of your same age.
The life in North Korea is very different and I can´t imagine how can I live there. 
 In the first place I wouldn´t kown how other families live out of my country,

maybe when I was a child I might not have been apt so now, I wouldn't even be in school or even alive. My family do not have acess to internet or web pages to search information.

In conclusion, I think is imposible live there.

SPAIN´ S POLITICAL ORGANIZATION

ANALYSIS OF A POPULATION PYRAMID

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In first place we are going to define what a population pyramid is: it is a graph that shows the structure of a society by sex and age at a given time and place. We can divide this pyramid into three sections: young dependents (0-14), working population(15-64), old dependents (65+).

According to the sex structure of this graph, the sex ratio at birth is equaly, the number of girls born are the same as boys (16%), so the sex ratio matches in 0-4 level. In the other hand women have the higher life expectancy. The reasons of that might be historical, dangerous jobs and smoking of men and healthy life of women.

With regard to the age structure of the pyramid we can say that it corresponds with the first stage, It has expansive shape and concave sides because of the high birth rate (39.3%0) and the high death rate (14.5%0), consecuenly the net migration is negative and the real increse is lower than  the natural increase  . According to these characteristics the piramid corresponds to a underdevelop country.

Analysing notches and bumps we can see a bump in 0-4 level that may be caused by a post-war baby boom, also we can see a notch between 34-44 I think it can be due to a war or an epidemic, this also caused a very short life expectancy. 

Finally, we can talk about the transition model shown by the graph. As we can see, this piramid has a expansive shape with concaved sides that corresponds the stage 1. In addition this country has very high birth rate and very high death rate so the life expectancy is very short, 49. 7 years old, very usual in underdevelop countries. using this data we can predict that the evolution of this country will be a lower high death rate and a longer life expevtancy, it will evolve to the second stage.

A LOMOS DE LA BESTIA

A LOMOS DE LA BESTIA

1. Summarize in a few lines the documentary.

In this documentary two yournalists involved in an adventure, they get the beast a train that goes from guatemala to USA to put theirselves in the shoes of an immigrant. In this trip they talked about mafia, kiddnappings, how women have to sell her body in return of protection and finally they talked about the dangerous that the beast is.

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2. Why is the train called the Beast?

The train is called The Beast because is like a beast it can take an arm or a leg if you fall out of the train, it is also called The Beast because lots of people are raped, tortured, kidnapped, stolen or murdered during the journey.

3. What countries are the immigrants from? Where do they go?

This route is part of a international migration in this rute mexicans, honduran and guatemalan go from Mexico to USA.

4. What is the academic profesional experience of the immigrants?

All the people that was in the train want to have a better life, some of them like Marvin wants to work as carpenter, Freddy wants to follow working as a painter or Maritz that wants to work as a housekeeper to send money to her children.

5. What dangers do immigrants face during the journey?

Inmigrants that take this route suffer rap, torture, kidnapp, stole or murder during the journey, women have to sell their body for protection because seven of every  (each) ten are rapped. Other danger are the mafias that take the train to stole and kidnapp the inmigrantes in the train.

6. What type of migratory routes are described in the documentary?

The documentary talked about an international migration route that goes from Mexico and Center America to USA.  

7. Explain the consequences of migrations for both the countries that send the emigrants away and the countries that receive immigrants?

Economic: 

In the positive side for the countries that send the emigrantes, they send money back to their families,  so they improve the economy of their original county. in the negative side, their county loose workers and decrease the demands. in the other side the positive effects for the receiver country: inmigrants pay taxes and work; in the negative effects, salaries and working conditions could worsen.

Social:

Positively for the sender country the social conflicts decrease because there are less people, negatively the population and nativity decrease, while the receiver countries increase their population and nativity rates.in the negative side it cause xenophobic conflicts and social inequality.

Cultural: 

Positive effects are for the original country: the emigrants return with better education and in the negative effects emigrants lose traditions and identity.for the destination country: positives effects are that cultures mix and languages and traditions are exchanged and negative effects are cultural conflicts.

8. Give your personal opinion.

In my opinion all people must have the same rights and oportunities but now a days it isn´t posible because there is a large inequality. I also think that migrants are very useful for countries that send and for reicive because they exchange traditions, religions, languages and lost of things that people of the same country can´t now.

ANALYSIS OF AN URBAN PLAN: SALAMANCA

In first place we are going to define what a city is: a city is a type of landscape with anthropic elements that consist in  a group of streets and buildings governed by a town hall with a large population. The city I´m going to analyze is located in the west of Spain and in the midle of the Iberian peninsula, it´s 200 km from Madrid and near to Valladoliz, this city is named Salamanca.


 In second place, talking about the historic centre Salamanca has a radio centric layout with larges and narrows streets that goes to the main square. Inside the wall, the main buildings are the cathedral some palaces, museums and the university.
All this was cover by a wall that was there until XIX century. there are sub-urban areas behind the wall, but also there are industrial states.

In the other hand, the expansion zone has a random layout in which there are sub-urban areas, but also there are industrial states. Also the bullring is located in the expansion zone.
The main buildings/monuments of this part of the city are: The museum of automobile history, the Commerce museum and the library.

Finally the outskirts have a industrial function, with an irregular layout, it probably was built in the final of the 20 Century, because of the economic growth of the city.

 

ZAMORA'S PROCESS OF URBANIZATION

ANALISYS OF ARURAL LANDSCAPE

Analysis of a rural landscape

    First we are going to define what a rural landscape is: a rural landscapeis a type of landscape that combines abiotic, biotic and anthropic elements.

    Secondly, with regard in the physical factors, we know that this is a Atlantic lanscape that has regular and abundant precipitations. Also we know that the temperatures are mild on winters and cool on summers. The vegetation is divided, we can see that there are forests with pinetrees and bushes in high areas and little green fields in the lowest part. Knowing this characteristics we can say that this lanscape is located in the north part of the peninsula.

    Taking about the settlement patterns we observe that there are dispersed plots, that are small, their shape is iregular and build in enclosed field with bocage.The Traditional houses are usually built with stone and wood in order to protect them  from the low temperatures. 

    In fourth place we are going to talk about the plots. in the picture we can see that there aren´t many types of crops in fields and this indicates that this is a monoculture cultivation.

    On the other hand, other uses of the land are livestock, turism, and residencial. With regard in the livestock, in this part of the peninsula cattle are reared to produce milk and meat. Looking to the image I think turists could be attract to the nature and the tradicional houses.

    Finally, we are going to talk about the problems that affect rural areas and posible solutions. I think that the main problems that have the rural areas are the lack of public services, such as the hospital, the education, the public bus, the supermarkets and the demografic challenge (aging population), and other big problem is the aging of the habitants of the village, continuing with the problems, in the mayority of the towns there is no telephone coverage. All these problems has a consecuence: depopulation of rural areas. I think one of the main solutions of these problems is that the politicians use the money of the taxes to fix those problems (like lowering house taxes...).

MY VILLAGE - CORRALES DEL VINO (ZAMORA)

DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF A CLIMATE GRAPH

                                    Analysis of navacerrada climate graph

Just start with the definition of a climate graph, is a graphic representation of temperatures and precipitations of a place over the course of a year. The temperatues are representated with red lines while precipitations are shown with vertical blue bars.


Secondly, we are going to talk about the analysis precipitations we observe that the total rainfall is very abundant with 1273mm so this is a mountain climate.  The distribution of the arids months is fairly regular with only one arid month (August), and this is typical of a oceanic climate but proximaly to areas with a mediterranean inland climate.

On the other hand we observe that the temperatures are cold, the temperature range is over 16ºC so this climate graph is located in inland area in which summers are mild and the hottest months are July and August (16,3ºC) while winters are moderate with december and january as the coldest months (-0,7ºC).  

 Taking about the aridity and considering the Maratonne index we can admit that this is a humid  climate.

  In fifth place, considering the precipitations, temperatures and aridity we can conclude this is an alpine climate located in the guadarrama sierra.

Finally, knowing the type of climate we conclude that this climate graph is from Navacerrada. This is located in the center of the peninsula in which summers are mild and wnters are very cold.

On the other hand I think that the influences of human activity is damage to the enviroment we can look after it such as don´t pollution rivers, don´t deforest and don´t contaminate the atmosphere.

Finally, talking about the natural and human landscape we have to say that vegetation is arranged in levels. The first level, the mediterranean forests orm cultivated crops at the foot af the mountain, the next level, decidious forests and conifer forests, then the shrubland and mountain meadows appear at 1600m and the last level, highest peaks doesn´t have vegetation. There are few inhabitants and they live in farmhouses or in small villages. The economy is based on livestock farming and logging.

CLIMATE GRAPHS

ANALISYS OF A TOPOGRAPHIC PROFILE

A topographic profile is the graphic representation of the relief of an area,obtained by cutting transversely the contour lines of a topographic map.

The profile that we are going to analyze goes from the golf of Lion to the cape of S. Vicente.The line follows a NE-SW direction and crosses the following units of relief: Pyrenees, the depression of the river Ebro, the Iberian System, the southern Sub-Platean, Montes of Toledo and the depression of Guadalquivir.

The first unit of relief crossed by the line is the Pyrenees. This mountain range was form during the Tertiary era as a consequence of the Alpine Orogeny.The highest mont of the pyrenees is Aneto with 3404 m over the sea.

The next unit of relief is The Depression of Ebro. This depression was form durig the Tertiary era by the Alpine Orogeny.It is paralel from the pyrenees.

After the depression of Ebro the line crosses the Iberian System. This, has two parts or sectors, the interior and the exterior.
In the interior the main ranges are Demanda, Moncayo, Albarrazin and Serrania. On the other hand the main peaks of the exterior are Javalambre and Gudar. It (Sistema Iberico) was created in the third period.

After the Sistema Iberico, in my line goes the Sistema Central it is the highest inner range of the plateau (600-800 m),and the main mountain ranges are Somosierra, Guadarrama, Gredos, Peña de Francia and Gata.. It was form in the primary period.

 In the fifth unit of relief is the Submeseta Sur ,It is the lowest range of the plateau,and the main peak is Guadalupe. It was formed in the Cenozoic.

The last relief is the Guadalquivir river basin that is between the Submeseta sur and the Sistemas Beticos. It was form inthe tertiary era during the lpine orogeny.